Culture Image Slideshow
CategoryEthnic groups:
(2001 census) Population: Age Structure: (2012 est.) Population Growth Rate: (2012 est.) Birth and Death Rates: Life Expectancy at birth: (2012 est.) Total Fertility Rate: (2012 est.) |
Statistic93% Greek
7% Foreign citizens 10,767,827 Rank: 78th in the world 0 to 14: 14.2% 15 to 24: 9.9% 25 to 54: 43.7% 55 to 64: 12.4% 65 and over: 19.8% .06% Rank: 184th in the world Birth: 9.08 per 1,000 population Rank: 207th in the world Death: 10.8 per 1,000 population Rank: 42nd in the world Total population: 80.05 years Rank: 31st in the world Male: 77.48 years Female: 82.79 years 1.39 children per woman Rank: 205th in the world |
United States Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The online world factbook. Retrieved from: http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
Changes over Time
Greece as well as any other country in the world has been through sometimes drastic changes even within the past few decades in major categories such as the economy, population, and energy. For one, the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has changed drastically in Greece since 1960. According to Gapminder.org, in 1960, Greece's total GDP was 28 billion dollars and it increased to 143 billion in 2011. Refer to figure 1. Another obvious change is the life expectancy of Greek citizens in the past. In 1800, the average life expectancy was only 37 years. In 1940, that number had risen to 54 years old and in 2011 the average life expectancy was 80 years old, more than double the age in 1800. Refer to figure 2. The energy use per citizen of Greece has changed since 1960. Energy use refers to "primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels" (Gapminder). Refer to figure 3. Energy use per person has changed from 2.4 million in 1960 to 27 million in 2011.
Women's Roles in Greece and the World
Women have not always been granted the right to vote and it has been a long road to equal rights for women both socially and before the law. Around the world, women account for nearly 70 percent of poor people and around 75 and 80 percent of the worlds refugees are women and children. Women are almost completely out of government, only accounting for 11.7 percent of the seats in all parliaments in the world, and only seven women make up the 185 highest-ranking diplomats in the United Nations. Women account for two-thirds of the world’s one billion adults who cannot read or write and of the 130 million children not enrolled in school, young girls make up two-thirds. Most women only average about three-fourths of the pay men earn for the same occupation in both developing and developed countries. However, there have been some steps towards equality. The first country to grand women the right to vote was New Zealand in 1893 and over 100 countries have announced initiatives to improve the advancement of women after the Beijing Women’s Conference. Advancements have been made around the world but is it enough?
Gender roles in Greece have been somewhat separated with men and women in separate spheres until recent years. Just as with many other countries, men were associated with public spheres while women with private. There have been changes in the last few decades towards the decline of separate spheres between the genders. Although late in the game, women received full voting rights in 1956 and the Family Law of 1983 soon followed, which established “legal gender equality in family relationships and decision making”. Women also account for fifty-three percent of students in universities and are fully present in public areas. (Sutton). However in socio-economic status as it seems to be still more traditional. Homemakers are predominantly women just as men are more often than not, the breadwinners of the family. According to a study done in 2002 by the Greek National Centre for Social Research, or EKKE, around 45 percent of women were employed compared to 88 percent of men, and the unemployment rate among women was around three times the unemployment rate of men, which was 12.9 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively. The same study found that women put in about four times as many hours as men in housework per week, or thirty-four hours for women compared to only nine for men.
The prevalence of “classic patriarchy” in Greece requires women even from agricultural or fishing communities to fulfill her traditional domestic role, which is primarily motherhood, and to maintain the honor of the family. There has been a greater emphasis on the education of young women in Greece and as previously mentioned women account for fifty-three percent of the total students in universities. This does go along with Greek women’s duty to maintain the honor of the family because the hope to achieve professional employment and success in higher education is often attributed to such honor and to the improvement of marriage prospects for young women. Even still, all women, whether she decides to delve into higher education or not, are expected to go along with the ideals of Greek womanhood. In Greek society, mothers are highly respected and grandmothers provide the leading role within the family just as fathers and grandfathers showcase the family to others outside the family.
Social attitudes in Greece about women’s roles and high esteem for motherhood may mean that women tend to be discriminated against when seeking higher roles in their careers. More domestic responsibility and limited childcare also may contribute to women’s low participation in the labor force. Professional urban Greek women are often forced to rely on government childcare or other expensive alternatives if a working mother is to avoid having to maintain both a household and a career.
Women’s participation in the labor force has increased over the past several years however, they are still under represented. It could be expected that with the higher educational achievement of women would allow for women to compete against men in the job market but factors such as social pressure for more traditional roles regardless of educational achievement among others could be at play. Women spend a great deal more time than men doing domestic work and after the birth of a child women tend to withdraw from time spent in paid employment. Even with provisions in the Greek Constitution of 1975 which established equal rights for men and women, there still are great inequalities in pay and in general employment between men and women. It is worth mentioning that inequalities in pay are more evident among groups that are older, earn a higher income and are more educated than in groups of unskilled workers, women take up two-thirds of temporary employment and twenty-eight percent of the total women employees work under thirty hours per week.
Women in modern Greek society are also expected to uphold the religious life of the family. This includes duties such as fasting before Easter, baptisms, and celebrating the saints days in relevance to her family members’ baptismal names. This is because traditionally, and individual in Greece his or her ‘name’ day rather than an actual birthday. A woman’s identity is described by the Church through the emphasis on her roles as wife and mother. Modern Greek women pick their own marriage partner if she decides to marry at all and also has the choice to restrain from having children. This in and of itself is a giant change and coincides with contemporary trends throughout the developed world. Marriage rates have declined in Greece and divorce rates have increased, although abortion and divorce are both allowed under the law, they are frowned upon by the church. Today, there are about 15.4 divorces per 100 marriages in Greece.
Equality for women around the world is still going on today. Many great steps have been made including voting rights and increased women participation in the labor force, even with Greece still upholding some traditional roles such as the idealistic view of women in marriage and in motherhood. Women’s roles in Greece society today emphasize motherhood and even though women are fully present in public areas such as clubs, stores, restaurants, and other areas, men still predominantly represent the family to the outside world. It is, however, up to the woman to maintain family honor and religious life for the family. Women in Greece also still dominate household chores and childcare while men dominate the labor force.
Gender roles in Greece have been somewhat separated with men and women in separate spheres until recent years. Just as with many other countries, men were associated with public spheres while women with private. There have been changes in the last few decades towards the decline of separate spheres between the genders. Although late in the game, women received full voting rights in 1956 and the Family Law of 1983 soon followed, which established “legal gender equality in family relationships and decision making”. Women also account for fifty-three percent of students in universities and are fully present in public areas. (Sutton). However in socio-economic status as it seems to be still more traditional. Homemakers are predominantly women just as men are more often than not, the breadwinners of the family. According to a study done in 2002 by the Greek National Centre for Social Research, or EKKE, around 45 percent of women were employed compared to 88 percent of men, and the unemployment rate among women was around three times the unemployment rate of men, which was 12.9 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively. The same study found that women put in about four times as many hours as men in housework per week, or thirty-four hours for women compared to only nine for men.
The prevalence of “classic patriarchy” in Greece requires women even from agricultural or fishing communities to fulfill her traditional domestic role, which is primarily motherhood, and to maintain the honor of the family. There has been a greater emphasis on the education of young women in Greece and as previously mentioned women account for fifty-three percent of the total students in universities. This does go along with Greek women’s duty to maintain the honor of the family because the hope to achieve professional employment and success in higher education is often attributed to such honor and to the improvement of marriage prospects for young women. Even still, all women, whether she decides to delve into higher education or not, are expected to go along with the ideals of Greek womanhood. In Greek society, mothers are highly respected and grandmothers provide the leading role within the family just as fathers and grandfathers showcase the family to others outside the family.
Social attitudes in Greece about women’s roles and high esteem for motherhood may mean that women tend to be discriminated against when seeking higher roles in their careers. More domestic responsibility and limited childcare also may contribute to women’s low participation in the labor force. Professional urban Greek women are often forced to rely on government childcare or other expensive alternatives if a working mother is to avoid having to maintain both a household and a career.
Women’s participation in the labor force has increased over the past several years however, they are still under represented. It could be expected that with the higher educational achievement of women would allow for women to compete against men in the job market but factors such as social pressure for more traditional roles regardless of educational achievement among others could be at play. Women spend a great deal more time than men doing domestic work and after the birth of a child women tend to withdraw from time spent in paid employment. Even with provisions in the Greek Constitution of 1975 which established equal rights for men and women, there still are great inequalities in pay and in general employment between men and women. It is worth mentioning that inequalities in pay are more evident among groups that are older, earn a higher income and are more educated than in groups of unskilled workers, women take up two-thirds of temporary employment and twenty-eight percent of the total women employees work under thirty hours per week.
Women in modern Greek society are also expected to uphold the religious life of the family. This includes duties such as fasting before Easter, baptisms, and celebrating the saints days in relevance to her family members’ baptismal names. This is because traditionally, and individual in Greece his or her ‘name’ day rather than an actual birthday. A woman’s identity is described by the Church through the emphasis on her roles as wife and mother. Modern Greek women pick their own marriage partner if she decides to marry at all and also has the choice to restrain from having children. This in and of itself is a giant change and coincides with contemporary trends throughout the developed world. Marriage rates have declined in Greece and divorce rates have increased, although abortion and divorce are both allowed under the law, they are frowned upon by the church. Today, there are about 15.4 divorces per 100 marriages in Greece.
Equality for women around the world is still going on today. Many great steps have been made including voting rights and increased women participation in the labor force, even with Greece still upholding some traditional roles such as the idealistic view of women in marriage and in motherhood. Women’s roles in Greece society today emphasize motherhood and even though women are fully present in public areas such as clubs, stores, restaurants, and other areas, men still predominantly represent the family to the outside world. It is, however, up to the woman to maintain family honor and religious life for the family. Women in Greece also still dominate household chores and childcare while men dominate the labor force.
Food
With the coast of Greece extending just a bit over 8,000 miles, there is no surprise that a big part of Greek food is fresh fish. Other meats are not quite as important in classic Greek dishes but lamb and pork can be found in some recipes. Fruits and vegetables are also a large part of the Greek diet.
Some popular Greek dishes include, spanakopita, balava, moussaka, and souvlaki.
A recipe for spanakopita is included below. Other recipes for these popular Greek dishes can be found on the foodnetwork website, or closet cooking.
Some popular Greek dishes include, spanakopita, balava, moussaka, and souvlaki.
A recipe for spanakopita is included below. Other recipes for these popular Greek dishes can be found on the foodnetwork website, or closet cooking.
Recipe
Spanakopita is a Greek pie, typically served as an appetizer in Greek restaurants and homes.
Here is a recipe found from closetcooking.com
Ingredients
Here is a recipe found from closetcooking.com
Ingredients
- 2 pounds spinach, steamed, squeezed, drained and chopped
- 1 cup feta, crumbled
- 1/4 cup dill, chopped
- 1/4 cup parsley, chopped
- 1/4 cup green onions, sliced
- 3 eggs, lightly beaten
- salt and pepper to taste
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 12 sheets phyllo dough
- Mix the spinach, feta, dill, parsley, green onions, eggs, salt and pepper in a large bowl.
- Brush the bottom of an 8x8 inch baking pan with olive oil.
- Brush the top of a sheet of phyllo dough with olive oil and place it in the pan. (You may have to cut the phyllo dough to fit the pan.) Repeat until you have 6 layers.
- Place the spinach mixture on top of the phyllo dough.
- Brush the top of a sheet of phyllo dough with olive oil and place it on the spinach. Repeat until you have 6 layers.
- Bake in a preheated 350F oven until golden brown on top, about 30-50 minutes.
Religion
In ancient Greece, the people predominantly believed in multiple Gods and Goddesses which controlled specific aspects of everyday life. For example, the king of the Gods, Zeus, controlled the weather and a symbol of his power was a lightning bolt. It was thought that when lightning struck earth, it was a sign that Zeus was present. Today, 97 percent of the Greek population is Christian Orthodox, or more specifically, Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Other religions present in Greece are Muslim, Roman Catholic and Jewish. It was first formed in the first to fifth centuries C.E. in the Roman-Byzantine Empire. Although the actual date that Eastern Orthodox Christianity was established is indeterminable, the Orthodox Church identifies its birthplace with the early Church, specifically within the Greek-speaking eastern section of the Roman Empire.
In 1054, a split occurred between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches called the Great Schism. There are many social and political factors that contributed to the divide including differences in world views between the Greeks and the Romans during the 11th century. For one, the Latin approach in Rome was more practical while that of Greek was more speculative and philosophical. This led to fundamental differences in how the East and the West thought about and practiced religion.
Religion in Greece goes back centuries and so it is no surprise that there are many holy places and ancient temples in the country. In ancient times, Greeks built temples in every city dedicated to a single god or goddess where people could pray and leave gifts. In Athens, you will find the Temple of Olympian Zeus. Construction began on this temple in the 6th century BC and was not completed until the 2nd century AD. Another important place in Greek religion is Mount Olympus. The highest mountain in Greece was once thought to be the home of twelve of the most important gods and goddesses.
The Eastern Orthodox Church became the main religion of Greece after the War of Independence of 1821. Previously during the Christian Byzantine Empire, there was a system of “State-law rule” however after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Church gained political power over all Orthodox activities.
In 1054, a split occurred between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches called the Great Schism. There are many social and political factors that contributed to the divide including differences in world views between the Greeks and the Romans during the 11th century. For one, the Latin approach in Rome was more practical while that of Greek was more speculative and philosophical. This led to fundamental differences in how the East and the West thought about and practiced religion.
Religion in Greece goes back centuries and so it is no surprise that there are many holy places and ancient temples in the country. In ancient times, Greeks built temples in every city dedicated to a single god or goddess where people could pray and leave gifts. In Athens, you will find the Temple of Olympian Zeus. Construction began on this temple in the 6th century BC and was not completed until the 2nd century AD. Another important place in Greek religion is Mount Olympus. The highest mountain in Greece was once thought to be the home of twelve of the most important gods and goddesses.
The Eastern Orthodox Church became the main religion of Greece after the War of Independence of 1821. Previously during the Christian Byzantine Empire, there was a system of “State-law rule” however after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Church gained political power over all Orthodox activities.
*click to see caption
Websites to check out for additional information about Greek Culture
Sutton, S.B. (2013). Countries and their cultures. Greece. Retrieved from: http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Greece.html
This is a very interesting website with a nice overview of Greek history as well as different sections about food, the economy, customs, social, and political life.
Kwintessential. (n.d.). Greece – Language culture and doing business etiquette. Retrieved from: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/greece-country-profile.html
This is another interesting website because it incorporates a few facts and statistics and then goes deeper into the religion, family values, and ancient culture of Greece as well as general and business etiquette and customs of the country.
Greeka. (n.d.). Greece culture: Information about the culture of greece and the greek islands. Retrieved from: http://www.greeka.com/greece-culture.htm
This is a really nice website that supplies a good amount of information about Greek traditions and customs, religion, music, and food and wine.
Hayes, J. (2012). Ancient greek religious beliefs. Retreived from: http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2027&catid=56
This is a really neat website about the ancient religious beliefs of the Greeks. It gives a great deal of detail about important temples and beliefs concerning afterlife and other things important to ancient Greek.
This is a very interesting website with a nice overview of Greek history as well as different sections about food, the economy, customs, social, and political life.
Kwintessential. (n.d.). Greece – Language culture and doing business etiquette. Retrieved from: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/greece-country-profile.html
This is another interesting website because it incorporates a few facts and statistics and then goes deeper into the religion, family values, and ancient culture of Greece as well as general and business etiquette and customs of the country.
Greeka. (n.d.). Greece culture: Information about the culture of greece and the greek islands. Retrieved from: http://www.greeka.com/greece-culture.htm
This is a really nice website that supplies a good amount of information about Greek traditions and customs, religion, music, and food and wine.
Hayes, J. (2012). Ancient greek religious beliefs. Retreived from: http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2027&catid=56
This is a really neat website about the ancient religious beliefs of the Greeks. It gives a great deal of detail about important temples and beliefs concerning afterlife and other things important to ancient Greek.
Resources for Culture and Social Development
Map
Sacred destinations. (2010). Map of greece. Retrieved from: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/greece/greece-maps.htm
Changes Over Time
Gapminder world. Available from: http://www.gapminder.org/world
Slide Show
Cowper, H. (2011). Zakynthos museum of zykynthos, Greece. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heatheronhertravels/6405870873/
Gateley, L. (2006). T-athens001 athens greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyng883/133086454/
Gateley, L. (2006). T-athens002 athens greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyng883/133086504/in/photostream/
Giovanni. (2007). Making music in athens, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/giopuo/1349876338/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). The greek national holiday parade in chania: high school, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338108220/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Monastery, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338107456/in/photostream/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). The greek national holiday ceremony. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338106734/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338091306/in/set-72157630050928618/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Greek monastery, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338106316/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338089182/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338097472/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Naif paintings. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338097472/in/set-72157630050928618
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-0142, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2215076571/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-0086, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2215071905/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-1181, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2216602628/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-1178, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2216602404/
Kapoutsis, K. (2010). Fishing, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/klearchos/4433033365/
Kostibas, A. (2007). Family, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexik/500112871/
Lawley, L. (2004). Fish at plaka restaurant. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/liz/1763115/
London, D.H. (2006). Greece 2006 101 leonidas, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zongo/1540299529/
Nouhailler, P. (2011). Greece Hellas the hellenic republic - Patrick Nouhailler, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/patrick_nouhailler/5811351098/
Pelican. (2009). Fish store, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pelican/3919553644/
Saunders, R. (2012). The family fishing business, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ronsaunders47/7364850936/
SpaceShoe. (2012). Empty bucket, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/spaceshoe/6815439314/
Stearns, S. (2009). Greek fest 2009, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sterno74/3648711321/
Titanas. (2007). Naousa greece sacrifice monument 2007, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/titanas/515888736/
Wilkinson, P. (2012). Fiscado kephalonia grece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eepaul/7354992396/
Wilkinson, P. (2012). Assos kephalonia greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eepaul/7355275362/
Varmazis. (1928). School photo 1928 yiayia eugeina [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/varmazis/3278962813/
Women's Roles
Dellios, R. (2008). Institutions and gender empowerment in greece. Humanities & social sciences papers. Paper 279. Retrieved from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1287&context=hss_pubs
ECOSOC. (1997). Women at a glance. The united nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/women/women96.htm
GreeceGreek. (n.d.). The role of women in greece. Retrieved from http://www.greecegreek.com/Miscellaneous/role-women-greece.html
Kyriazis, N. (1998). Women’s employment and gender relations in greece: Forces of modernization and tradition. European urban and regional studies vol 5 no 1. Pp 65-75. doi: 10.1177/096977649800500106
People statistics. (2013). Divorces per 100 marriages by country. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_div_per_100_mar-people-divorces-per-100-marriages
Sutton, S.B. (2013). Countries and their cultures. Greece. Retrieved from: http://everyculture.com/Ge-It/Greece.html
Religion
Aaron wolpert. (2004). Selinus temple f interior. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/aaron_wolpert/3489114711/
Beggerly, B. (2010). Img_7015. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/beggs/4562931113/
EuReSIS. (2007). State and church in greece. Retrieved from http://www.euresisnet.eu/Pages/ReligionAndState/GREECE.aspx
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Greek orthodox church. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338073430/
Gould, A. (2010). 101N-2629_DSC. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewgould/4610767730/
Greeka. (n.d.). The religion in grece: Information about greek islands and greece religion. Retrieved from http://www.greeka.com/greece-religion.htm
Historical Atlas of the Mediterranean. (n.d.). Ancient greece religious sanctuaries. [photograph]. Retrieved from: http://explorethemed.com/GreekRel.asp
Patheos Library. (2013). Religion library: Eastern orthodoxy. Retrieved From http://www.patheos.com/Library/Eastern-Orthodoxy/Historical-Development/Schisms-Sects?offset=1&max=1
Religion Facts. (2013). Eastern Orthodoxy. Retrieved from http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/orthodoxy.htm
Sacred Destinations (2012). Athens. Retrieved from http://www.sacred-destinations.com/greece/athens
Salt, A. (2009). Temple of demeter, segesta. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/alun/4098733896/
Salt, A. (2009). The temple of concord. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/alun/4114049901/
Selbe B. (2010). Temple of Zeus. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/stacylynn/4309683124/
St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral. (n.d.) The Great Schism. Retrieved from http://www.stgeorgegreenville.org/OrthodoxLife/Chapter1/Chap1-7.html
Wooten, M. (2010). Mount olympus. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mark_wooten/5260423953/
Food
Jaracz, J. (2013). How greek traditions work. Retrieved from http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/national-traditions/greek-tradition1.htm
Lynch, K. (2008). Spanakopita. Retrieved from http://www.closetcooking.com/2008/04/spanakopita-greek-spinach-pie.html
Wise, L. (n.d.) Famous greek foods. Retrieved from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/famous-greek-foods-2925.html
Sacred destinations. (2010). Map of greece. Retrieved from: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/greece/greece-maps.htm
Changes Over Time
Gapminder world. Available from: http://www.gapminder.org/world
Slide Show
Cowper, H. (2011). Zakynthos museum of zykynthos, Greece. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heatheronhertravels/6405870873/
Gateley, L. (2006). T-athens001 athens greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyng883/133086454/
Gateley, L. (2006). T-athens002 athens greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyng883/133086504/in/photostream/
Giovanni. (2007). Making music in athens, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/giopuo/1349876338/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). The greek national holiday parade in chania: high school, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338108220/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Monastery, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338107456/in/photostream/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). The greek national holiday ceremony. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338106734/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338091306/in/set-72157630050928618/
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Greek monastery, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338106316/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338089182/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Old port of chania. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338097472/in/set-72157630050928618
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Naif paintings. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338097472/in/set-72157630050928618
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-0142, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2215076571/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-0086, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2215071905/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-1181, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2216602628/
Jarvis, D. (2005). Greece-1178, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/2216602404/
Kapoutsis, K. (2010). Fishing, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/klearchos/4433033365/
Kostibas, A. (2007). Family, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexik/500112871/
Lawley, L. (2004). Fish at plaka restaurant. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/liz/1763115/
London, D.H. (2006). Greece 2006 101 leonidas, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zongo/1540299529/
Nouhailler, P. (2011). Greece Hellas the hellenic republic - Patrick Nouhailler, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/patrick_nouhailler/5811351098/
Pelican. (2009). Fish store, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pelican/3919553644/
Saunders, R. (2012). The family fishing business, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ronsaunders47/7364850936/
SpaceShoe. (2012). Empty bucket, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/spaceshoe/6815439314/
Stearns, S. (2009). Greek fest 2009, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sterno74/3648711321/
Titanas. (2007). Naousa greece sacrifice monument 2007, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/titanas/515888736/
Wilkinson, P. (2012). Fiscado kephalonia grece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eepaul/7354992396/
Wilkinson, P. (2012). Assos kephalonia greece, [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eepaul/7355275362/
Varmazis. (1928). School photo 1928 yiayia eugeina [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/varmazis/3278962813/
Women's Roles
Dellios, R. (2008). Institutions and gender empowerment in greece. Humanities & social sciences papers. Paper 279. Retrieved from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1287&context=hss_pubs
ECOSOC. (1997). Women at a glance. The united nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/women/women96.htm
GreeceGreek. (n.d.). The role of women in greece. Retrieved from http://www.greecegreek.com/Miscellaneous/role-women-greece.html
Kyriazis, N. (1998). Women’s employment and gender relations in greece: Forces of modernization and tradition. European urban and regional studies vol 5 no 1. Pp 65-75. doi: 10.1177/096977649800500106
People statistics. (2013). Divorces per 100 marriages by country. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_div_per_100_mar-people-divorces-per-100-marriages
Sutton, S.B. (2013). Countries and their cultures. Greece. Retrieved from: http://everyculture.com/Ge-It/Greece.html
Religion
Aaron wolpert. (2004). Selinus temple f interior. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/aaron_wolpert/3489114711/
Beggerly, B. (2010). Img_7015. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/beggs/4562931113/
EuReSIS. (2007). State and church in greece. Retrieved from http://www.euresisnet.eu/Pages/ReligionAndState/GREECE.aspx
Gonzalez, F. (2004). Greek orthodox church. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/franciscojgonzalez/7338073430/
Gould, A. (2010). 101N-2629_DSC. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewgould/4610767730/
Greeka. (n.d.). The religion in grece: Information about greek islands and greece religion. Retrieved from http://www.greeka.com/greece-religion.htm
Historical Atlas of the Mediterranean. (n.d.). Ancient greece religious sanctuaries. [photograph]. Retrieved from: http://explorethemed.com/GreekRel.asp
Patheos Library. (2013). Religion library: Eastern orthodoxy. Retrieved From http://www.patheos.com/Library/Eastern-Orthodoxy/Historical-Development/Schisms-Sects?offset=1&max=1
Religion Facts. (2013). Eastern Orthodoxy. Retrieved from http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/denominations/orthodoxy.htm
Sacred Destinations (2012). Athens. Retrieved from http://www.sacred-destinations.com/greece/athens
Salt, A. (2009). Temple of demeter, segesta. [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/alun/4098733896/
Salt, A. (2009). The temple of concord. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons http://www.flickr.com/photos/alun/4114049901/
Selbe B. (2010). Temple of Zeus. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/stacylynn/4309683124/
St. George Greek Orthodox Cathedral. (n.d.) The Great Schism. Retrieved from http://www.stgeorgegreenville.org/OrthodoxLife/Chapter1/Chap1-7.html
Wooten, M. (2010). Mount olympus. [photograph] Retrieved from Flickr Commons: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mark_wooten/5260423953/
Food
Jaracz, J. (2013). How greek traditions work. Retrieved from http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/national-traditions/greek-tradition1.htm
Lynch, K. (2008). Spanakopita. Retrieved from http://www.closetcooking.com/2008/04/spanakopita-greek-spinach-pie.html
Wise, L. (n.d.) Famous greek foods. Retrieved from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/famous-greek-foods-2925.html